in Jainism, "non-soul" substance, as opposed to jiva (soul, living substance). Ajiva is divided into: (1) akasha (space), (2) dharma (that which makes motion possible), (3) adharma (that which makes rest possible), and (4) pudgala (matter). Pudgala consists of atoms; is eternal yet subject to change and development; is both gross (that which can be seen) and subtle (that which cannot be perceived by the senses). The first three types of ajiva are necessary conditions for the subsistence of both souls and matter. Some of the above terms are also used in Buddhist philosophy, but with different connotations.
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