(b. 1077/78, Nif, Persia; d. 1166, Baghdad), founder of the Qadiriyah order of the mystical Sufi branch of Islam. Al-Jilani studied Islamic law in Baghdad and was introduced to Sufism late in life, first appearing as a preacher in 1127. His great reputation as a preacher and teacher attracted disciples from across the Islamic world. He is said to have even converted numerous Jews and Christians to Islam. His achievement as a thinker was reconciling Sufism'smystique with the sober demands of Islamic law. His concept of Sufism was that of a holy war (jihad) waged against one's own will to conquer egotism and worldliness and to submit to God's will. Numerous legends of his saintliness arose after his death, and he retains a popular following among those who consider him a divine mediator.
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